chivalry Essay - 990 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Ancient to Modern: The Transformation of Chivalry During the medieval era, great adventures and accomplishments of unimaginable feats were told of mortal humans know as Knights. Knights were seen to be the elite, displaying their gentleman-like manners throughout every aspect, which they lived, from social events to acts of brutal combat against their adversaries. Every action of a Knight would be done with honor, courage, respect and courtesy. Knights who demonstrated these characteristics were seen as chivalrous. Webster’s New World Dictionary defines chivalry as, â€Å"The qualities of an ideal knight, courage, honor, gallantry and courtesy† Adding to this, I believe that†¦show more content†¦King Arthur feels obligated to take the challenge, seeing that no other knight has accepted, but Sir Gawain intervenes. Sir Gawain explains to King Arthur of the reason for his decision to sacrifice himself and save the noble king: â€Å"The loss of my life would be least of any; that I have you for uncle is my only p raise; My body, but for your blood, is barren of worth† (PG 1467 line 356-358). Sir Gawain does honor to the court of Camelot when he decides to take the place of a needed leader in the deadly challenge. His honor here is in the fact that he realizes he is not as important as the king, and so Sir Gawain takes on the burden. Today, modern teachers and professors show the same honor when they forsake the higher-paying jobs that are offered to them in order to teach and instruct the leaders of tomorrow. They realize, like Sir Gawain, that the human race is more important than their own ambitions, and so they sacrifice all of the renown they could achieve to make the human race better in the future. Courage is another key aspect of chivalry. Sir Gawain is courageous throughout the story, but especially when he has to meet his death from the Green Knight. Even though he knows he will be killed, he also knows that it is his destiny, and he will not try to escape. He says to the Green Knight as he readies himself to be killed, â€Å"For I shall stand to the stroke and stir not an inch, till yourShow MoreRelatedChivalry Is Not Dead : Chivalry1781 Words   |  8 Pagesme a superhero...I’m doing it because I can take this one moment out of my day to demonstrate the archaic act of chivalry. Some say that chivalry is dead... Chivalry is not dead...chivalry is merely changed and if I have to be honest I would say that chivalry is changed for the better. The problem people have with modern day chivalry is its correlation with their definition of â€Å"chivalry†... which is...according to Webster’s dictionary, â€Å"Gallantry, courtesy and honor. The noble qualitie s a knight wasRead MoreChivalry Essay1802 Words   |  8 PagesHow important was chivalry in molding the cultural world of the upper classes? The word chivalry comes from the French term â€Å"chevalrie† which when literally described meant the warrior attributes of armed knights on horseback. When the word was first used it did not have many, if any, of the moral or social aspects with which were later attributed to it. Reaching the later periods of the Middle Ages there begins to be a consensus opinion on the definition of a chivalrous knight. This knight wouldRead MoreMedieval Chivalry Essay1668 Words   |  7 PagesEach different aspect of the code of chivalry held a separate role in society. Whether it be religious or barbaric, chivalry tended to hold a moral guideline among those who followed it. This moral guideline held them true to their duties to man, God, and women (Sex, Society, and Medieval Women). All of which are reflected in the three themes of Chivalry: Warrior chivalry, religious chivalry, and courtly love chivalry (Sex, Society, and Medieval Women). These three hold their individual roles, allRe ad MoreThe Code of Chivalry Essay1032 Words   |  5 Pagesmotto of chivalry is also the motto of wisdom to serve all, but love only one† (Balzac 1). During the Medieval Age, there once existed a moral system that introduced a set of conducts such as, virtues, honor, and courtly love. This was known as the Code of Chivalry. These codes where available and practiced in knights daily life. The idea of chivalry is extremely valuable to the people, that even everything a knight wore symbolized something valuable or unique. In other words, chivalry was no gameRead MoreThe Use Of Gunpowder And Firearms Triggered The Decline Of Chivalry1224 Words   |  5 PagesMilitary speaking, it is often stated that the introducing of gunpowder and firearms triggered the decline of chivalry. Richard Kaeuper, on the contrary, explains that this improved military technology â€Å"may be too abrupt, for who would not be reluctant to sign a specific, dated death warrant to mark the end of [chivalr y, which is] so persistent and so complex.†1 Moreover, it is not the first time that knights had to adapt to new military techniques. For instance, during the Hundred Year War (1337-1453)Read More The Contradiction of Chivalry and Courtly Love Essays899 Words   |  4 PagesThe Contradiction of Chivalry and Courtly Love Two conflicting disciplines are prevalent throughout Arthurian Legend; that of chivalry and that of courtly love. The ideal of each clash throughout the medieval tales, and it is impossible to interfuse the two models for society. Chivalry is a masculine code, an aggressive discipline, whereas courtly love is based upon women - their needs, wants, and desires. The consistent problem if Lancelot and Guinevere’s adulterous relationship in differentRead More The Decline of Chivalry Explored in Araby and AP Essay1211 Words   |  5 Pagesrealize that romantic gestures—in fact, that the whole chivalric view [sic] --- are, in modern times, counterproductive†. These stories, despite the differences between the two characters, clearly show that the character’s world is changing, with chivalry becoming more obsolete. â€Å"Araby† tells the story of a young boy who romanticizes over his friend’s older sister. He spends a lot of time admiring the girl from a distance. When the girl finally talks to him, she reveals she cannot go to the bazaarRead MoreEssay about Chivalry in the Middle Ages: Illusion or Reality?1922 Words   |  8 PagesThe ideals of chivalry are inextricably linked with the medieval period, and even today it is an ideal we still pay lip service to. Many historians however have questioned whether the knights and nobility of the time actually took it any more seriously than we do. Johan Huizinga described it as â€Å"a cloak for a whole world of violence and self-interest† , an â€Å"illusion of society [that] clashed with the reality of things† , and in our rather cynical age, this is probably the predominant view of theRead MoreThe Code Of Chivalry And The Fundamental Thoughts And Actions Of Human Nature1499 Words   |  6 PagesMary Gamboa English 2223 Jennifer Smith 26 November 2015 Sir Gawain†¦ Chivalric? By analyzing Sir Gawain’s attempts of following the Code of Chivalry and the fundamental thoughts and actions of human nature helps to further analyze Gawain’s character. The definition of Chivalry is the â€Å"set of values and code of conduct for the medieval knightly class† (Shatz) examining Gawain’s attempts to achieve his goal of being the perfect chivalric knight, the nature of his obstacles has to beRead More Chivalry in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, The Knight’s Tale, and Malory’s Morte2061 Words   |  9 Pages The term â€Å"chivalry† refers to one of the most popular medieval social ideals. Indeed, this term has excited the imagination of poets and readers throughout history, and modern cultures continue to revise the chivalric ideals of past ages. However, pinpointing what the term meant within the medieval period is difficult at best. The source of this difficulty lies within the fact that there was never one consistent definition for chivalry. Indeed, the meaning of the word seems to shift between

Human Nature Essay - 1099 Words

Is there or is there not human nature? For Charles Darwin the answer is no. Darwin was the first to introduce the concept of evolution. He believed that humans evolved from the ape and not in the image of God. Darwin contradicted Aristotles view that man has a purpose in life -to reason. For Darwin, man has no purpose. According to Darwin, man began as one of a few species on this planet, fighting for survival. Man was better equipped with certain traits that allowed him to pass through the filters of natural selection. Mans physical and intellectual traits allowed him to surpass all over species, thus becoming the greatest predator and severely diminishing the risk of man becoming another species prey. Mans climb to the top of the†¦show more content†¦No matter what we choose we cannot escape responsibility for our choice and guilt for the consequences (Sartre notes) For Sartre, existence precedes essence (243). Man exists, man lives, and man makes choices. Its through thes e choices and living that man defines who and what he is. In the end, the existential vision of the human condition is tragic, but it is not pessimistic (notes). John Lockes philosophy is that human reason and emotion are the right tools to solve problems confronting mankind. Lockes theory of human nature is a simple one; man likes happiness and dislikes unhappiness. Locke denies that man is born neither good nor bad. This theory contradicts the idealist theory that man is born good but is diverged from this goodness by negative influences in society. Locke believes that man is naturally reasonable and will set out to do what is best for him even if it invokes temporary pain or pleasure. He argues that man will naturally impose upon himself laws for his own good and for the good of society. Thomas Hobbes is atomistic. He believes that man is born equal. By this he means, the bodies and mind of all men contain equal ability. Because all men posses equal ability they all hope to attai n their highest hopes and dreams. Conflict is introduced when both men want something that neither canShow MoreRelatedHuman Nature Disobedience814 Words   |  4 PagesHuman nature encompases a series of traits that have been added to as history continues; these traits are what entitle people to who they are. Common sense seems to dictate that helpfulness, kindness, and greed would be ways to describe human nature, but another would be disobedience. An Irish author, Oscar Wilde, once voiced his view on human nature with regards to disobedience. Wilde claims â€Å"disobedience, in the eyes of anyone who has read history, is man’s original virtue†. History, where lessonsRead MoreWhat Is Human Nature?2010 Words   |  9 PagesIntro: What is human nature? Recently I heard the story of Edd, a man who begin therapy after being found on a kitchen floor with a knife, several vicious wounds, and no knowledge of how he got there. In his first therapy session the therapist asked about family and medical history, and finally life events leading up to the â€Å"kitchen incident,† as Edd termed it. After Edd filled him in on his struggle with depression and suicide and explained the â€Å"kitchen incident,† The therapist exclaimed, â€Å"You’reRead MoreUnchangeable Change: The Embodiment of Nature and Human Nature1107 Words   |  4 PagesTHEME; Unchangeable Change. The development of my theme, unchangeable change, through embodiment of nature and human nature. Change defines everything that we know or understand about our world. Change is an inevitable aspect of our lives that remains unchangeable. Physical natures, human natures and instincts are all embodied within us. Our nature drives us to change, to try change things that can neither be persuaded nor be changed. All of us can personalize change in our lives, we can all attachRead MoreHobbes Human Nature Essay1424 Words   |  6 Pagesviewpoints about human nature, the origin of the state, the nature of government, and the grounds for revolution. Although Hobbes and Locke agreed on some general facets of political theory, Thomas Hobbes’ generally presented a pessimistic, provocative view of politics, while John Locke tended towards a more optimist and mainstream approach to explaining constitutional theory. In regards to human nature, both Hobbes and Locke agree that the purpose of government relies on the nature of humanity itselfRead MoreThe Nature Of Sustainability : A Human Nature Hybridity Essay1820 Words   |  8 PagesThe Nature of Sustainability: A Human-Nature Hybridity Environmentalism is not a new concept. It is a social movement or philosophy that aims to protect and improve the health of the environment. While humans have accepted this view of environmentalism for living in the Holocene epoch, political environmentalist Paul Wapner proposes a renewed definition of environmentalism that has emerged in the Anthropocene epoch. Wapner sees the Anthropocene as an epoch of human geological influence, where humansRead MoreHuman Nature1379 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to Nature T he obstacle of figuring out the nature and instinctual behavior of humans has been toppled by many philosophical writers. Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Niccolo Machiavelli, in the Discourse on the Origin of Inequality and The Prince, subsequently, talks about this subject. In the Discourse on the Origin of Inequality, Rousseau talks about the natural human state and is transition to its current civilized state. In The Prince, Machiavelli talks about the nature of humans alreadyRead MoreHuman Nature Critique Essay1238 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Michael E. Castillo Armstrong Rhet/Comp II October 1, 2014 Human Nature Critique In his article, Human Nature, investigative historian Mark Dowie argues the fact that people’s ideas of what nature and wilderness completely invalidate the true meaning of what nature really is. His main claim is that the western way of thinking about wilderness and nature as separate from humanity has led to environmental destruction and ethnic cleansing. In the beginning of the article, Dowie introducesRead MoreHuman Nature, By John Locke Essay2201 Words   |  9 PagesHuman nature is a cruel mistress that depending on a person’s view on the world can be really on either ok or really bad. In only isolated situations does human nature lead people to do true good while in general human nature leads to bad decisions and equally bad results. Philosophers have all written about human nature in their commonwealths as well as in their imagined states of nature. Thomas Hobbes in his book, Levithan, and John Locke in his second treatise in his book, Two Treatises on GovernmentRead MoreHuman Nature, By John Locke2060 Words   |  9 PagesHuman nature is an en igma that many people have debated for centuries with some being more idealistic while others are very cynical. Many political philosophers have discussed these in their books as human nature is central to the development of a ideal republic that can properly rule. Thomas Hobbes in his book, Levithan, and John Locke in his second treatise in his book, Two Treatises on Government, both talk extensively about human nature.The pair take two different approaches to explaining humanRead MoreThe Nature Of Human Nature900 Words   |  4 Pagesabout the nature of human beings and their relation to the community. In contrast to moral relativism Adam Smith argued that it is in human nature that they are interested in the fortunes of other people. Smith moral philosophy suggest that people are social actors and their satisfaction as individuals depends on other happiness, moreover he claims that people are design in this way by nature. This definition of human nature is a clear contrast to Hobbesian moral relativism that human by nature is evidently

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - 1779 Words

For the past few decades there has been a chronic disease plaguing society’s young children. This chronic disease has spread worldwide with the numbers of diseased children is expected to increase in the next decade. This chronic disease is obesity. Along with the rise of obesity among youth, there is a new silent killer linked to childhood obesity. This new chronic disease, typically found in alcoholics, is now becoming prevalent in obese children and is called non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is defined as a liver disease in people who have not consumed alcohol in significant amounts to cause liver damage, and in whom no other etiology for fatty liver is present (Prashant, 2007, p. 401). Ulrich, an MD at the Birmingham†¦show more content†¦In a study by Giorgio, an MD at regional hospital of Bolzano, found that using MRI, â€Å"14 children had steatosis, with 8 of 14 subjects with severe fatty infiltration and 6 of 14 with mild form† (Giorgio, 2005, p. 834). Ultrasound has been helpful in detecting fat accumulation, but it does not detect fibrosis as effectively. Prashant reported an ultrasound study by Joseph et al reported,â€Å" A sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 93% in detecting steatosis in the liver, and a sensitivity of 77% and specificity of 89% in detecting increased fibrosis in the liver† ( Prashant, 2007, p. 402). That same study showed that the MRI reported a sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 100% in detecting NAFLD when combined with serum aminotransferases (ATL) levels (Prashant, 2007, p.402). With these findings, it can be concluded that MRI is better at detecting NAFLD than ultrasound. However, MRI is only accurate at 100% when combined with taking ALT and aspartate aminotransferases (AST) serum blood levels. ALT and AST are liver enzymes in the blood, and when found at high concentrations are associated with obese children, and linked to be a good indicator of detecting NAFLD. Prashant (2 007) stated, â€Å"In NAFLD the ALT and AST levels are elevated to up to 5 times the upper normal limit (p.402). Therefore, studies have shown that 24-25% of children referred to obesity centers have elevated ALT levels (Kerkar, 2004, p.614). With the differentShow MoreRelatedObesity and Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Essay1787 Words   |  8 PagesThis disease was uncommon in the old days because it was unusual to accumulate enough fat to hurt livers. However, many people in the United States are now suffering from NAFLD and NASH. Before 1998, there was no case of NASH heard. In contrast, a statistics from a website called Partners In Liver Wellness provides an alarming information. The site says, â€Å"As a consequence of the on-going obesity epidemic in the U.S., fatty liver is a very common disorder with an estimated two thirds of obese adultsRead MoreNon-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Case Study1565 Words   |  7 PagesA study was conducted to determine , Non-alcoholic f atty liver disease and its histological scoring systems. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasingly common cause of chronic liver disease. The study says that the incidence of recurrent steatosis in patients transplanted for cryptogenic cirrhosis or NASH-cirrhosis ranges from 25%-100%, while NASH development is observed in 10%-37.5% of these cases without leading to early allograft failure. The ongoing discussions of the limitsRead MoreBayesian Evidence Synthesis And Decision Modeling For Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Essay746 Words   |  3 PagesBayesian Evidence Synthesis and Decision Modeling for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Summary The World Gastroenterology Organization (WGO) has recently declared NALFD as most common cause of liver disease. Obesity is an increasing problem not only in the UK but worldwide. An estimated 26% of the adults in the UK are considered to be obese 1, 2. Obesity induced metabolic syndrome may lead to NAFLD, which can progress to Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH), and in turn to advanced fibrosis andRead MoreHigh Fructose Corn Syrup : Obesity, Diabetes, And Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease845 Words   |  4 PagesHealth concerns have been raised about high fructose corn syrup, which allege contribution to obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Critics of the extensive use of HFCS in food sweetening argue that the highly processed substance is more harmful to humans than regular sugar, contributing to weight gain by affecting normal appetite functions and that in some foods HFCS may be a source of mercury a known neurotoxin. Yeah, a NEUROT OXIN! And they are hidingRead MoreThe Function and Importance of the Liver in the Body793 Words   |  3 PagesHepar is the Greek term for liver, key organ which performs multiple functions in our body (Sowjanya, 2013). A foretime, the risk of liver intoxication is elevated due to some factors such as frequent use of pesticide agent, recurrent exposure to environmental toxins and regular use of chemotherapeutic agents. Meanwhile, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a pathological condition which occurs in individuals who do not consume large amount of alcohol ( 20g ethanol/d per day) with excessive accumulationRead MoreNonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease1686 Words   |  7 Pages Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined as accumulation of lipids, mainly triglycerides, due to causes other than viruses, alcohol, or genetics. The disease covers a wide spectrum of status, including simple steatosis, steatohepatitis, and cirrhosis, and is closely related to dyslipidemia, obesity, ins ulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.1 Prevalence of NAFLD has been increasing gradually because of changes in lifestyles such as insufficient physical activities and westernizedRead MoreAlcohol Consumption And Metabolic Syndrome1361 Words   |  6 PagesBoth alcohol consumption and metabolic syndrome are risk factors for development of fatty liver diseases with similar pathology which ultimately can result in development of liver cancer.3, 4, 24-273, 4, 23-26 Using a two-stage mouse model in which tumor initiation by DEN was followed by a 35% high fat diet, we have previously reported increased tumor incidence, suggestive of a diet-related promotional effect.11 Consistent with these findings, in the current study, we observed increased adenomaRead MoreNutrition : My First Career Choice761 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent projects under supervision of my mentor. With insights about the complex molecular cascade of nutrient related pathways and knowing different techniques, I am working on understanding the role of gut microbiota in development of non alcoholic fatty liver disease in a mice model that does not accumulate fat in the body while on a high fat diet. As I gain experience in the realm of nutritional sciences, I also hope to be involved in improving the nutritional recommendations and nutrition relatedRead MoreThe Health Of The Youth Of Australia Face798 Words   |  4 Pagesphysical health problems’ (WHO 2000; Royal College of Physicians of London 2004) including short term issues such as ‘sleep apnoea, breathlessness on exertion, some orthopaedic and gastrointestinal problems, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease’ (NHMRC,2013). In the long term, ‘cardiovascular disease, diabetes, certain cancers, depression, arthritis and premature mortality’ are very common among obese children and adolescents (Guo et al. 2002; Reilly Wilson 2006). Obesity is a very serious health issueRead MoreEffects Of The Fast Food Industry On Canadians1263 Words   |  6 Pagesthat the amount of fast food availability impacted regional differences and predicted the frequency of mortality and heart disease hospitilizat ions in many communities in Ontario (Alter and Eny 176). In other words, the concentration of fast food availability impacted health outcomes in many communities. One of these outcomes is obesity. Obesity is essentially a chronic disease and is usually the result of ingesting high caloric foods without a corresponding expenditure of energy to balance this input

Comparative Study of Fuzzy Evidential

Question: Discuss about the Comparative Study of Fuzzy Evidential. Answer: Introduction: In every contract between two or more parties, the procurement section is one of the most sensitive parts in the contract that companies have to be keener and dedicated to. The strategy that is to be applied in the procurement section should be highly considered before implementation to ensure that it will in the best interest of the client party. Alliance procurement strategy would best work for the project. It is a strategy that gives the contractor to involve in the project earlier enough. Alliancing is applied in the cases where there is the management and procurement of major capital assets. The strategy appears to be the best for the complex projects that are associated with high risks and in the cases where the alternative strategies for the risk allocation are to be in effective. In the process of selecting the sub-contractors for a project, the main themes are to reduce the associated risks in the project while maximizing the quality and at the same time maintaining the rela tionship between the partners in the project. On normal cases, the associated problems in the selection and assessment as well as the alternative solutions appear to be limited. In the process when projects are to move through the phases in the management of the capital works, the knowledge of the project phases increases. In this case, alliance procurement strategy would best work for the project. It is a strategy that gives the contractor to involve in the project earlier enough. Alliancing is applied in the cases where there is the management and procurement of major capital assets. In the contracts using the alliance as their methods of procurement, it is seen that the state agency is working in collaboration with the private sector bodies so as to deliver the project (Aghaarabi et al 2014). The alliance is to be formed between the participants of the key project including the principal and the contractors. All the partners in the alliance are to bear a collective responsibility when it comes to the aspects of the delivery of the project. In the strategy, the partnership is structured in a way that the commercial risks and the rewards are shared in betwe en the alliance partners. The strategy appears to be the best for the complex projects that are associated with high risks and in the cases where the alternative strategies for the risk allocation are to be in effective. Among the reasons that leads to the selection of the alliance procurement strategy is due to the fact that the strategy the one used among the major large and more complex projects (Giri Nejadhashemi, 2014). The strategy is mainly applicable in the cases where there is an existence of large amounts of uncertainty and the issue of not being sure that is likely to result in the beneficial advantages in the arising cases of emergency situations. The size and the duration of the project, just as in this case, have to be in a position to justify the investment in the setting up of the project in both commercial and cultural settings (Molenaar, Anderson Schexnayder, 2010). The strategy is characterized by the number of the main features that are known to generally require the involved organs working together comfortably and conducive manner making the best out of the decisions made regarding the project. The risks associated with the projects under the alliance procurement strategy are believed to be jointly managed by the parties even though the financial effects are mainly left to the state. The main advantage associated with the alliance procurement strategy is that the project starts earl y before the risks can be identified where the client of the project is set to face the commercial risks associated in the process (Hajeeh Al-Othman, 2005). In the process of selecting the sub-contractors for a project, the main themes are to reduce the associated risks in the project while maximizing the quality and at the same time maintaining the relationship between the partners in the project. Some of the project owners are considering he costs as being the most important criteria to base their selection process although research recommends, and also to be used in this case, the multi-criteria selection process. Most of the sub-contractors and the project owners are never interested on the parties with low bid. Other criteria to be considered also exist and that includes the history of the reasonable bid price submissions. The section criterion indicates the specialization and the quality of the workmanship in a certain construction skill. The multi-criterion decision making is a tendering process that involves the making of decisions in the process of many and in most cases conflicting criteria. The problems involved in the process are always experienced in everyday life. The problems are seen to be complicated and huge. Although it is a selection process that is known and widespread in many contracts, it is a discipline that is more closely related to the rapid advancing in the computing and technology. Similarly, the advanced in technology and computing services has made it possible to solve and analyze the complex multiple criteria decision making problems. These technological advances have as well resulted in the bulk information making the process more significant and useful in the support offered to the decisions made in the business. There are two known types of problems associated with the MCDM that is as a result of the problem setting. One type is known as the finite number of solutions and the other one is the infinite number of solutions. On normal cases, the associated problems in the selection and assessment as well as the alternative solutions appear to be limited. In relation to the problems connected to the designs, the attributes are expected to take any values to the range. in any case the latter is the situation, the problem may them be termed as the objective optimization problems rather than the multiple attribute decisions problems (Hajkowicz Collins, 2007). In the process of managing a contract plan, one may choose to incorporate the key performance indicators that are to define the factors that the contract have to benchmark and monitor closely. The assessment methods are known to be offering mechanisms that are to be used in the measuring and the assessment of the factors that are defined in the process of the evaluation or the impact. The key performance indicators are known to specifying the things that are being measured as well as the assessment techniques that gives details on how and when the measurement would be conducted. The indicators are measures that are used to define and evaluate the manner organizations are successful. They incorporate the information on the sources, calculations and the definitions for all the measures setting out the timetable for the submissions of data. The performance indicators are known to be beneficial to organizations as they assist in defining and also measuring the progress towards the goals and objectives of an organization. Immediately the company has been taken through the analysis, the mission and goals there needs to be a measure of the progress towards the goals (Herath, 2004). The key performance indicators are used to measure a project and acknowledge that it is on track and that it is working in the right direction aimed at attaining the advantageous result. In most cases, the key performance indicators are normally used in measuring the service delivery. There exist many ways in which performance indicators can be made. They are quantifiable measurements that are seen reflecting on the success elements of the business. The performance indicators are only a single way of measuring and evaluating the initiatives of the project. The indicators are seen to be focused on the monitoring the activities of the project for the progress in the desired direction (Calvin 2011). They are not acting as substitutes for the other measurement and evaluation activities. The monitoring process that is done within the performance elements is able to provide certain important inputs to the impacts of the evaluation. It is unless the activities of the project are having a di rect and quantitative output and they do not in their own give the sufficient data evaluation. The normal and specific risks that are associated with the key performance indicators are that they might be giving illusion of the project. They monitor the activities and the quantifiable outputs they can as well be good at giving reports of the efforts by the project in tangible ways by using numbers and also trend lines although that are never substitute for the evaluation of the performances in relation t the positive acts of the company (Kamodkar Regulwar, 2014). Contract Management Contract management should be among the key principles a contracting party considers before issuing tenders. Outsourcing and offshore outsourcing has been known to be associated with many negative outcomes as observed in most projects and contracts. In this case, the sub-contractor ought to have been trained effectively and their efficiency and experiences be considered in the tendering process. A project is expected to run with the same discipline and planning as well as the system that is well run and implemented. The agreement should have been struck in the presence of lawyers to both parties or in the presence of legal authorities. With this the two companies would have an agreement on whom to bear the associated risks that may be caused by the late deliveries. Outsourcing and offshore outsourcing has been known to be associated with many negative outcomes as observed in most projects and contracts. The outsourcing of the contract for WNSL has had effects on the project. The strategies employed have to be proven effective although it is expected to be associated with significant risks that have to be recognized and managed with immediate and urgent actions. One of the cases that have to be looked at in the project is on the part of the on-time delivery performance and the satisfaction levels of the customer. The risks that could be associated because of the late delivery of services may cause severe risks on the products and services outsourced. The delays are caused by factors that may be out the control of the servicing company (De Jaln et al 2014). The other thing that was poor in the contract was the quality of the services issued. This is a key area that may cause negative effects on the customers in any contracts and should be conside red equally important rather than just focusing on finishing the contract on time. The latter is known to always need transition periods and parallel production and also effective cross training between companies. In this case, the sub-contractor ought to have been trained effectively and their efficiency and experiences be considered in the tendering process. These are the aspects that are often neglected because of the cost saving efforts and may cause serious risk challenges to the client part. Also the scheduling of the budget was poorly done in the contract and it might have been due to the insufficient planning or even limited resources. A project is expected to run with the same discipline and planning as well as the system that is well run and implemented. The suppliers also seemed to be having challenges in their financial viability that exposed their supplies through interruption risk. The company was at a risk of supply interruption because of the financial viability chal lenges faced by the sub-contractors (Pelletier, 2000). To ensure that the project runs smoothly and reaches a completion at the satisfaction of both the involved parties, there must be an agreement that will cater for the areas mentioned above to ensure effective contract delivery. One, considering the issue of the on time delivery, the companies would have had an agreement on the time the contract should have lasted. The agreement should have been struck in the presence of lawyers to both parties or in the presence of legal authorities. With this the two companies would have an agreement on whom to bear the associated risks that may be caused by the late deliveries. The contracting party would not bear or suffer the risks that are caused by the sub-contractor who chooses to delay in the delivery. The agreement should have the sub-contractor work to the best of their delivery to ensure that everything is completed within the agreed timeline (Gamini, 2004). Considering the issue of the quality of the services issued, the selection process should be keen to give the tender to companies that are well experiences and would not need to be reminded about the quality of work they offer to their clients. Before the tender is given to a company, the selection process should focus on the profiles to ensure that the company that is given the contract is good enough to offer these services. There should be a look at the reviews offered by other companies that have worked with the team before they are given any works to do. Another issue arises in the transition phase of the outsourcing session. It should be ensured that the transition is done within the budgeted limits to avoid interruption the contracts because of the cases of insufficient planning (Christos 2014). There should be a system that ensures that the outsourced services are running as scheduled and in the same discipline from the time of the implementation to the time of project comple tion. The production of the company as well as the service functions are expected to be having direct bearing on the companys ability to meet their commitment to the customers and the shareholders. Also, before allocating the company to work on any project, there must be a review on their financial status to ensure that they are financially viable and that they are I a position to offer their services in a comfortable manner without exposing the client to a supply interruption risk (Dwivedi Bhadauria, 2014). Conclusion In every contracts, there must be certain things to be considered that will make the contract efficient and effective. The strategy that is to be applied in the procurement section should be highly considered before implementation to ensure that it will in the best interest of the client party. Alliance procurement strategy would best work for the project. It is a strategy that gives the contractor to involve in the project earlier enough. In the process when projects are to move through the phases in the management of the capital works, the knowledge of the project phases increases. Among the reasons that leads to the selection of the alliance procurement strategy is due to the fact that the strategy the one used among the major large and more complex projects Contract management should be among the key principles a contracting party considers before issuing tenders. A project is expected to run with the same discipline and planning as well as the system that is well run and implemented. The strategies employed have to be proven effective although it is expected to be associated with significant risks that have to be recognized and managed with immediate and urgent actions. The production of the company as well as the service functions are expected to be having direct bearing on the companys ability to meet their commitment to the customers and the shareholders. References Aghaarabi E et al (2014) Comparative study of fuzzy evidential reasoning and fuzzy rule-based approaches: an illustration for water quality assessment in distribution networks. Stoch Env Res Risk Assess 28(3):655679 Calvin (2011) Fuzzy logic decision making. https://www.calvin.edu/*pribeiro/othrlnks/Fuzzy/ fuzzydecisions.htm Christos M (2014) Thinking platforms for smarter urban water systems: fusing technical and socioeconomic models and tools. 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